Health Benefits
Welcome to the Health Benefits section wich is dedicated to highlighting the numerous advantages of consuming, BrRad. BrRad is a unique blend of 80% Broccoli and 20% Daikon Radish, which is carefully processed into a high-quality powder form. This section will provid you with an in-depth understanding of how BrRad can enhance your overall health and well-being. We’re proud to say that all of the benefits we’ll discuss are backed by studies published by the National Institute of Health. We’ll explore the various nutrients found in this product, how they benefit your body, and why BrRad is an exceptional choice for those looking to improve their diet.
sulforaphane
Sulforaphane is the key compound in BrRad, but what is sulforaphane?
Sulforaphane is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, kale and arugula. It is formed when the plant is chewed or crushed and an enzyme called myrosinase is released, which converts a compound called glucoraphanin to sulforaphane.
Here are all the key points about the benefits of sulforaphane consumption according to published studies from the National Institute of Health, for example:
- Lowers Cholesterol
- Improves Diabetes
- Boost the Immune System
- Help with Parkinson’s Disease
- Beneficial for Arthritis
Health Benefits
Promotes Detoxification
Sulforaphane is an indirect antioxidant. It boosts the antioxidant capacity of cells by at least 2 mechanisms [6]:
1. Inducing phase 2 detoxification enzymes – Sulforaphane is the most potent inducer of phase 2 enzymes identified to date. It acts by activating Nrf2 and ARE, and increasing glutathione S-transferase activity [4, 2, 7, 8]
2. Increasing cellular glutathione levelsIf customers can’t find it, it doesn’t exist.Â
Health Benefits
Cancer
Of all the molecules I’ve studied, sulforaphane and broccoli sprouts are the most promising at preventing and killing cancer.
A diet rich in Brassica vegetables decreases the risk of cancer [9, 10].
Three to five servings per week are sufficient to decrease the risk of cancer by ∼30% to 40% [9].
Subjects who consumed at least one portion of cruciferous vegetables per week had a significantly reduced risk of oral cavity, pharynx, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and kidney cancers [9].
The great thing about sulforaphane is that it kills cancer cells, but seems to have very little effect on healthy cells [11].
Sulforaphane treatment reduced DNA damage and mutation rate when cancer-causing chemicals bound to DNA [9].
Sulforaphane kills colorectal cancer cells, oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, breast cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, liver cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, and leukemia cells [12, 13, 9, 14].
SFN inhibited the growth of glioblastoma, thyroid, prostate, mammary, tongue, and lung cancer in animals [15, 16, 17, 9, 18, 19].
Broccoli sprouts significantly and dose-dependently inhibited bladder cancer development in rats, and UV-radiation-induced skin cancer development in mice [20, 21].
Sulforaphane combats cancer by multiple mechanisms:
- SFN inhibits phase I Â Â Â Â Â enzymes that can activate pro-carcinogens [9]
- SFN induces phase II      enzymes that are responsible for eliminating chemicals that damage      DNA [9]
- SFN changes gene      activation/deactivation, and causes demethylation, thereby restoring      the activity of important tumor-suppressing and cell-cycle controlling      genes [9, 9]
- Sulforaphane induces cancer      cell death [9]
- Sulforaphane inhibits      the NF-κB pathway, thus reducing      inflammation [9]
- Sulforaphane induces cell      cycle arrest, and thereby inhibits cancer cell proliferation [9]
Apart from being effective in its own right, sulforaphane also enhances the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil, toward pancreatic and prostate cancer cells, while limiting their toxicity to normal cells [9].
However, although sulforaphane was found to be safe and effective in several studies, it was not effective in 2 clinical trials [22, 23].Having a big sale, on-site celebrity, or other event? Be sure to announce it so everybody knows and gets excited about it.
Health Benefits
Lowers Cholesterol
Eating glucoraphanin-rich broccoli significantly reduced LDL cholesterol in humans [24].
SFN is produced in the body from glucoraphanin.
In 12 healthy subjects, eating fresh broccoli sprouts (100 g/day) for 1 week decreased total and LDL cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol. Broccoli sprouts also improved oxidative stress markers [25]
Health Benefits
Prevents and Combats Cardiovascular Disease
A diet rich in Brassica vegetables decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease [9].
Both sulforaphane and broccoli sprouts high in glucoraphanin decreased blood pressure in hypertensive rats [26, 26].
A short dietary treatment of rats with broccoli sprouts protected the heart against oxidative stress and cell death caused by ischemia (reduced blood flow and low oxygen) [27].
Sulforaphane also reduced heart damage after infarct in rats [28].
Sulforaphane protected against the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), and suppressed inflammation in hardened arteries in animals [29, 30].
SFN further possesses antithrombotic activities. SFN inhibited human platelet aggregation and reduced blood clot formation[31].
SFN reduced the mortality of acute lung thromboembolism in mice [32].
Finally, sulforaphane is beneficial in stroke. In rodents, SFN decreased brain infarct (damaged tissue from a stroke) volume, and maintained the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neurological function after stroke [33, 34]
Health Benefits
May Combat Obesity
In mice with Western diet-induced obesity, 3 weeks of sulforaphane supplementation reduced weight gain, leptin and insulin levels, and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance, and cholesterol [35].
Similarly, in another study, sulforaphane inhibited high-fat-diet-induced obesity and fat accumulation in mice. It also reduced total cholesterol, leptin, and liver triglyceride levels [30].
Health Benefits
Improves Diabetes
Broccoli sprouts improve many parameters in diabetes. In type 2 diabetics, eating broccoli sprouts increased blood antioxidant capacity and HDL cholesterol, and decreased oxidative stress, triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, and CRP [36, 37, 38].
Sulforaphane also prevented diabetes-related complications in animals, such as [36, 39]:
- Nephropathy
- Tissue damage
- Vascular complications
- Diabetes-induced heart      dysfunction
- Thickening of the heart      muscle
- Heart damage in mice
However, in rats, while SFN had positive effects on diabetes, liver function and cholesterol were aggravated after treatment [40].
Health Benefits
Can Boost the Immune System
Sulforaphane enhanced bacterial clearance by macrophages and increased the activity of natural killer cells (NK cells) in mice [41].
In studies with aging mice, sulforaphane boosted Th1 immunity and restored or delayed the decline of cellular immunity that happens with aging [42].doesn’t exist.Â
Health Benefits
Antiviral
Broccoli sprouts enhanced human antiviral responses [41].
Broccoli sprouts reduced influenza viral load in humans [41].
SFN exhibited significant antiviral activity against influenza (the flu), HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and the hepatitis C virus [43, 43].
SFN blocked HIV infection in macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in HIV infection, forming long-lived viral reservoirs and distributing the virus in the body [44].
On the other hand, SFN may exacerbate infections by viruses that hijack Nrf2, such as the Marburg virus, the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), and Dengue virus [44]
Health Benefits
Combats Bacterial and Fungal Infections
In one study, 23 out of 28 tested bacterial and fungal species were inhibited by sulforaphane [45].
Mycobacterium abscessus is frequently found in patients with cystic fibrosis and in immunosuppressed patients. Pretreatment of macrophages with sulforaphane significantly decreased bacterial burden [46].
Human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) plays an important role against bacterial invasion. Sulforaphane is able to increase antimicrobial peptides such as HBD-2 [47].
Health Benefits
Protects the Skin
Sulforaphane provides protection against UVA and UVB inflammation, sunburn, and skin damage [48, 49].
UV radiation induces direct DNA damage and inflammation, and suppresses the immune response. Sulforaphane-rich extracts of 3-day-old broccoli sprouts increased phase 2 enzymes in human and mouse skin, protected against UV radiation-induced inflammation and edema in mice, and reduced susceptibility to erythema (skin redness) in humans [50].
Sulforaphane protected skin cells against oxidative stress caused by UVA radiation with a ∼50% reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) [9].
UVA irradiation plays a role in the premature aging of the skin by triggering oxidative stress, and inducing collagen degradation, a hallmark of photoaged skin. Pretreatment of mouse skin with sulforaphane protected against UVA-mediated collagen depletion [51].
Sulforaphane improved skin blistering in epidermolysis bullosa simplex [52].
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare inherited condition in which the skin loses its integrity after mechanical trauma
Health Benefits
May Combat Depression and Anxiety
Inflammation has been recognized as one of the causes of depression. By reducing inflammation, sulforaphane can help combat depression.
Repeated SFN administration reversed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in chronically stressed mice, likely by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory responses to stress [55, 56].
In another study, Nrf2 deficiency in mice resulted in depressive-like behavior, while the induction of Nrf2 by sulforaphane had antidepressant-like effects [57].
Also, dietary intake of glucoraphanin during the juvenile and adolescent periods in mice prevented the onset of depression-like behaviors at adulthood [56].
Health Benefits
Protects the Brain and Restores Cognitive Function
Sulforaphane increased neuronal BDNF in mice, a factor that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the formation of new neurons and synapses [58].
SFN reduced brain inflammation in various animal models of pathogen-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease [59, 60, 60, 61].
Sulforaphane promoted microglia differentiation from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 state. This reduced brain inflammation and restored spatial learning and coordination in rats [62].
Sulforaphane is beneficial in various pathological conditions, as it:
- Improved cognitive performance      and reduced working memory dysfunction in rats after traumatic brain      injury [63]
- Weakened cognitive deficits      in mouse models of psychiatric disease. Also, the intake of glucoraphanin      during the juvenile and adolescent periods prevented the onset of      cognitive deficits at adulthood [64]
- Alleviated brain swelling in      rats, by attenuating the blood-brain barrier disruption, decreasing the      levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting NF-κB; it also increased AQP4 (a      water channel protein) levels, thereby reducing brain swelling [65, 66]
- Prevented memory impairment      and increased the survival of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats [67]
Sulforaphane recovered memory in mice and rats with chemically induced memory impairment [68, 69, 70].
SFN exerted positive effects against brain damage induced by acute CO poisoning in rats [71].
Sulforaphane protected human neurons against prion-mediated neurotoxicity [72].
Insufficient NRF2 activation in humans has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [73].
SFN, as a potent Nrf2 activator, may help in the treatment of these diseases.
Health Benefits
May Help with Parkinson’s Disease
Health Benefits
May Help with Alzheimer’s Disease
Abnormal production and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide are major factors implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Broccoli sprouts protected against Aβ-induced cell death, and sulforaphane inhibited Aβ-related inflammation [78, 79, 80].
Sulforaphane reduced Aβ plaque and neuron loss, and improved cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease-like mouse models [81, 82, 83].]
Health Benefits
May Help with Huntington’s Disease
Sulforaphane activated the protein degradation machinery that promotes huntingtin degradation and reduced huntingtin toxicity in mice [84].
Health Benefits
May Prevent Seizures
Sulforaphane protected against seizures and elevated the seizure thresholds in mice [85
Health Benefits
Improves Schizophrenia
Sulforaphane improved performance in a learning task in outpatients with schizophrenia [86].
Methamphetamine can induce psychosis in susceptible people. Sulforaphane weakened behavioral abnormalities in mice after administration of methamphetamine or phencyclidine, suggesting that it may help with schizophrenia [86].
Sulforaphane protected against antipsychotic-induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons [87].
Health Benefits
May Be Beneficial for Substance Abuse
Sulforaphane weakened behavioral and neuropathological changes associated with methamphetamine exposure in mice. Pretreatment with sulforaphane weakened acute hyperlocomotion (increase in movement) in mice after a single administration of methamphetamine [88].
Also, the development of behavioral sensitization after repeated administrations of methamphetamine was significantly reduced by pretreatment with sulforaphane [88].
Health Benefits
May Improve Autism Symptoms
Health Benefits
Can Protect Against GI Injury and Inflammation
SFN protects the gut against NSAID-related damage. SFN improved aspirin/NSAID-induced injury of the gut in mice, and inhibited gastric ulcers in rats [90, 91, 92].
Nrf2-deficient mice exhibit worse colitis symptoms, indicating that SFN can help in this condition by activating Nrf2 [93].
Indeed, in another study, treatment with SFN decreased inflammation in mice with colitis [94].
Health Benefits
Combats H. pylori
SFN is beneficial against Helicobacter pylori infections [93].
Broccoli sprouts inhibit the growth of H. pylori [95].
In several human studies, broccoli sprouts decreased H. pyloricolonization and reduced stomach inflammation [96, 97, 98].
These effects were temporary because values went back to their original levels 2 months after treatment was discontinued [97].
In another study, broccoli sprout extract did not inhibit H. pyloricolonization, but nevertheless protected the stomach lining [99].
In H. pylori-infected type 2 diabetic patients, broccoli sprout powder, in addition to standard triple therapy, considerably improved H. pylori eradication, and also improved heart health in these subjects [100].
H. pylori increases oxidative stress, thereby causing damage to the stomach lining, slowing down damage repair, and eventually inducing gastric cancer. Sulforaphane activates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby protecting stomach cells from oxidative injury [101].
Sulforaphane can also protect the stomach lining by reducing inflammation [97].
Improved stomach lining health also makes it more difficult for H. pylori to colonize the stomach, which explains the reduced rate of colonization found in some human studies [97].
Health Benefits
Improves Liver Function
In men with fatty liver, broccoli sprouts improved liver function and decreased ALT, γ-GTP, and ALP [102].
In animals, SFN protected against a wide variety of liver diseases caused by toxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and high-calorie diets [102, 103, 104].
Broccoli sprouts activated detoxification and glutathione production, increasing GST while decreasing AST and ALT in rat livers [105].
Sulforaphane inhibited alcohol-induced fatty liver in mice [106].
Many drugs, including sodium valproate, cause liver toxicity. In rats, SFN significantly boosted liver function, reduced ALT, AST, and ALP, and improved valproate-induced liver damage [107].
Health Benefits
Reduces Health Damage from Pollution
Sulforaphane helped the body detoxify airborne pollutants, pesticides, and heavy metals by activating detoxification systems, mainly the phase II enzymes.
In a farming community exposed to airborne pollutant with a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, broccoli sprouts enhanced the detoxification of airborne pollutants and reduced the risks of cancer [108].
Sulforaphane induced phase II enzymes in the upper airway of human subjects [4].
Phase II enzymes have important protective effects against diesel exhaust particles (DEP), ozone, and tobacco smoke [4].
Sulforaphane reduced the pro-inflammatory and pro-allergic effects typically caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particle [109].
Sulforaphane protected human white blood cells (lymphocytes)Â from pesticide-induced DNA damage [110].
Aflatoxin binds DNA and causes liver cancer. Sulforaphane reduced the binding of aflatoxin to DNA in rats [111].
Sulforaphane inhibited the mutagenicity caused by heterocyclic amines (cooked food mutagens) [112].
Cadmium reduced testosterone, sperm motility, sperm count, and increased sperm deformity in mice. SFN improved sperm quality, testosterone, and antioxidant levels [113].
Sulforaphane lessened liver damage caused by cadmium selenide in mice [114].
Exposure to arsenic increases the risk of lung disease. Sulforaphane blocked DNA damage and mild lung damage caused by 2-week exposure of mice to arsenic-containing dust [115].
Health Benefits
May Be Beneficial for Airway Inflammation and Asthma
Sulforaphane has had beneficial effects in animals with asthma and airway inflammation, but studies in humans are less conclusive [116].
Broccoli sprout extract suppressed airway inflammation in humans exposed to diesel exhaust particles (equivalent to daily PM exposure levels on a Los Angeles freeway) [117].
Sulforaphane also improved airway and lung constrictions caused by methacholine in 60% of moderate asthmatics. However, in 20% of the asthmatics, sulforaphane worsened the constrictions [6].
In other human trials, broccoli sprouts did not improve asthma, COPD symptoms, or ozone-induced airway inflammation [118, 119, 120].
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have innate immune dysfunction in the lung, resulting in frequent bacterial infections. Sulforaphane restored bacteria recognition and phagocytosis in lung macrophages from COPD patients [121].
Sulforaphane enhanced bacterial clearance by lung macrophages and reduced inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months [121].Â
Health Benefits
Combats Autoimmune Inflammation
Sulforaphane decreases autoimmune inflammation [122].
SFN can be beneficial against T-cell driven autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis-like diseases in animals, but studies in humans are still lagging.
Sulforaphane significantly inhibited the development and severity of MS-like disease in mice, mitigating inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord [122, 93].
Sulforaphane caused improvement by silencing Th17/Th1 responses within the brain/neurons [93].
NRF2-deficient mice have exacerbated pathology in this model [93].
Sulforaphane activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway, which helps combat the disease [122].
Health Benefits
Sulforaphane Can Reduce Pain
Broccoli sprout extract reduced pain in mice and rats in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by activating the opioid receptors [123].
In mice, sulforaphane lessened pain, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Sulforaphane blocked COX2 and iNOS in injured nerve cells, the 2 key enzymes implicated in inflammation and neuropathic pain [124].
Health Benefits
Can Promote Bone Formation
In females, low levels of estrogen, such as during menopause or after an ovary removal surgery, can lead to reduced bone mass (osteoporosis).
Sulforaphane promoted bone formation and increased bone volume (∼20%) in both normal mice and mice without ovaries. Sulforaphane diminished bone resorption, thereby shifting the balance to a state favoring bone acquisition [125].
Health Benefits
Can Be Beneficial for Arthritis
A sulforaphane-rich diet improved osteoarthritis in mice. Sulforaphane inhibited key metalloproteinases implicated in osteoarthritis, independently of Nrf2, and blocked inflammation through NF-κB to protect against cartilage destruction [126].
Some of the SFN effects may be mediated by Nrf2 because enhanced oxidative stress and cartilage damage were observed in Nrf2-deficient mice with arthritis [93].
SFN reduced the severity of arthritis in mice by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines [127].
Several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, switch the polarization of monocytes into classically activated pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1 type).
Sulforaphane blocked the inflammatory responses specific to M1 macrophages (Th1) and shifted macrophage production to M2 macrophages [128].
M2 (Th2) decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair.
Health Benefits
May Be Beneficial for Muscular Dystrophy
Sulforaphane reduced dystrophic muscle damage and muscle inflammation in mice by inducing Nrf2 [130, 131].
In mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, sulforaphane significantly increased muscle mass, muscle force (∼30%), and running distance. Sulforaphane also reduced muscle hypertrophy, heart muscle hypertrophy, and inflammation [132].
Health Benefits
Can Support Hair Growth
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Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) causes androgenic baldness. Sulforaphane increased the production of enzymes that degrade DHT [135].
SNF significantly enhanced hair regeneration in mice, and reduced testosterone and DHT levels in the blood [135].
SFN increased the amount of testosterone degrading enzymes, such as 3α-HSD, in the liver, accelerated the degradation of blood DHT, and reversed the suppression of hair growth by DHT [135].
Health Benefits
Can Increase Alcohol Tolerance
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Many East Asians are highly intolerant to even modest alcohol consumption. These people accumulate acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of alcohol, because of a genetic polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) that metabolizes acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetate. Sulforaphane upregulated ALDH2 by dietary means, thereby reducing acetaldehyde toxicity [136].
In mice, SFN dramatically increased tissue ALDH2 and doubled the rate of elimination of acetaldehyde after the administration of alcohol [136].
SFN activated human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) and increased its activity towards acetaldehyde [137]
Health Benefits
May Be Beneficial in Pregnancy and May Increase Offspring Health
When glucoraphanin was administered to pregnant female rats, their offspring had lower blood pressure and less tissue inflammation in adulthood, regardless of their subsequent diet [138].
Administration of broccoli sprouts during pregnancy prevented growth restriction and neurodevelopmental delays and defects in rat pups [139, 140].
Health Benefits
Protects the Eyes
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Oxidative stress due to excessive light exposure can exacerbate a variety of human retinal diseases by accelerating photoreceptor cell death (photoreceptors are cells that receive light and translate it into nerve impulses) [141].
SFN protected human retinal cells from UVA light-induced damage [142].
SFN also protected against photoreceptor degeneration and light-induced retinal damage in mice [143, 144].
SFN dose-dependently induced thioredoxin (TXN) in mouse retina, a factor that protects cells against oxidative stress by maintaining vitamin A and vitamin C levels [143, 144, 141].
Sulforaphane treatment significantly decreased ischemia (reduced oxygen and blood flow), a condition that induces loss of retinal function in mice [145].
SFN protected human lens cells against oxidative stress and could potentially delay the onset of cataracts [146].
Also, SFN may help prevent complications after cataract surgery [147].
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a condition in which a deficiency in Nrf2 is observed. SFN significantly improved oxidative stress-induced cell death in FECD human cells [148].
Health Benefits
May Be Beneficial Against Keloids
Sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and reduces collagen in keloid cells [149]
Health Benefits
May Improve Bladder Dysfunction
In rats with bladder outlet obstruction, SFN treatment increased bladder capacity and bladder compliance [150].
Health Benefits
May Benefit Children with HGPS
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare childhood premature aging disorder linked to mutations in the LMNA gene. Protein clearance and autophagy are impaired in HGPS cells. SFN stimulated protein clearance by autophagy and reversed cellular phenotypic changes, both of which are the hallmarks of HGPS [151].
Health Benefits
Cystic Fibrosis: Study Coming
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